Clothing and Fashion – A feature of all modern human societies is the wearing of clothing which in its basic definition is a covering designed to be worn on a person’s body. The primary purpose of clothing is functional, as a protection from the elements. People also wear clothing for social reasons. Clothing protects the body; it also delivers social messages to other humans.

Clothing and Fashion

Humans have shown extreme inventiveness in devising clothing solutions to practical problems. Function includes protection of the body against numerous elements including strong sunlight, extreme heat or cold, protection against insects and so on. In summary, against anything that might injure an unprotected human body.

Articles carried rather than worn (like purses and umbrellas) normally count as accessories rather than as clothing. Humans also decorate their bodies with makeup or cosmetics, perfume, jewelry and other ornaments. All these decorations contribute to the overall effect and message of clothing, but do not constitute clothing per se.

Clothing and Fashion

The term “fashion” means clothing generally, and the study of it. Wikipedia describes Fashion as a general term for a currently popular style or practice, especially in clothing, foot wear or accessories. Fashion references to anything that is the current trend in look and dress up of a person.

The beginnings of the habit in Europe of continual and increasingly rapid change in clothing styles can be fairly reliably dated to the middle of the 14th century, to which historians date the start of Western fashion in clothing.

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The most dramatic manifestation was a sudden drastic shortening and tightening of the male over-garment, from calf-length to barely covering the buttocks, sometimes accompanied with stuffing on the chest to look bigger. This created the distinctive Western male outline of a tailored top worn over leggings or trousers.

The pace of change accelerated considerably in the following century, and women and men’s fashion, especially in the dressing and adorning of the hair, became equally complex and changing.

The pace of change picked up in the 1780s with the increased publication of French engravings that showed the latest Paris styles.

Although tailors and dressmakers were no doubt responsible for many innovations before, and the textile industry certainly led many trends, the history of fashion design is normally taken to date from 1858, when the English-born Charles Frederick Worth opened the first true haute couture house in Paris.

Since then the professional designer has become a progressively more dominant figure, despite the origins of many fashions in street fashion.

Clothing and Fashion

The fashion industry is a product of the modern age. Prior to the mid-19th century, most clothing was custom made. It was handmade for individuals, either as home production or on order from dressmakers and tailors.

By the beginning of the 20th century with the rise of new technologies such as the sewing machine, the rise of global capitalism and the development of the factory system of production, and the proliferation of retail outlets such as department stores – clothing had increasingly come to be mass-produced in standard sizes and sold at fixed prices.

Although the fashion industry developed first in Europe and America, today it is an international and highly globalized industry, with clothing often designed in one country, manufactured in another, and sold world-wide.

The fashion industry consists of four levels: the production of raw materials, principally fibres and textiles but also leather and fur; the production of fashion goods by designers, manufacturers, contractors, and others; retail sales; and various forms of advertising and promotion. These levels consist of many separate but interdependent sectors, all of which are devoted to the goal of satisfying consumer demand for apparel under conditions that enable participants in the industry to operate at a profit.

An important part of fashion is fashion journalism. Editorial critique, guidelines and commentary can be found in magazines, newspapers, on television, fashion websites, social networks and in fashion blogs.

However, over the past several years, clothing and fashion websites have developed that merge traditional editorial writing with user-generated content.